NFPA 99, 卫生保健设施守则 经常被误解或误用. 对于那些做规划的人, 卫生保健设施的设计和建造, the risk is too high to not have a thorough understanding of NFPA 99 for proper application of the code.
NFPA 99 code establishes risk-based criteria to help ensure health care facility compliance and protect patients, 工作人员, 以及火灾财产, 爆炸, 电气危险. The code is applicable to risk management in all health care facilities other than home care. The term “health care facility” must not be confused with occupancy classifications and is defined by NFPA 99 as “buildings, 部分建筑物, 或移动外壳，其中医疗, 牙科, 精神病学, 护理, 产科, 或者提供手术治疗.”
医疗保险中心 & Medicaid 服务 (CMS) requires health care facilities to comply with the 2012 edition of NFPA 99 with exception to Chapter 7 (Information Technology and Communications Systems for 卫生保健 Facilities), 第八章(水管), 第十二章(应急管理), 及第13章(保安管理).
NFPA 99的范围-新与. 现有的系统
The scoping in NFPA 99 clarifies that the intent of the code including Chapter 4 Risk Assessments, is to apply predominantly to new construction and new equipment. 然而，2012年版的NFPA 99第1节.3.2.3也表示, “an existing system that is not in strict compliance with the provisions of this code shall be permitted to be continued in use, unless the authority having jurisdiction has determined that such use constitutes a distinct hazard to life.”
Where existing systems and/or components of existing systems are altered, 翻新或现代化, only the work being performed is required to meet NFPA 99 – unless the work adversely affects the existing performance of a system or component, 在皇家88账户注册种情况下, 需要进行升级. Clearly the documented Chapter 4 Risk Assessments are required for all new systems and renovations, 然而, 对现有系统的适用性由每个AHJ确定.
风险类别
Chapter 4 of NFPA 99 code establishes categories of building systems in health care facilities based on the risk of injury to the patients and caregivers. These risk categories are critically important to proper application of NFPA 99, 就像NFPA 101中的占用分类一样, 生命安全规范®.
An NFPA 99 risk assessment is conducted to determine the applicable risk category (categories 1-4) for each system. 风险类别定义为:
- NFPA 99 Category 1 – Facility systems in which failure of such equipment or system is likely to cause major injury or death of patients or caregivers
- NFPA 99 Category 2 – Facility systems in which failure of such equipment is likely to cause minor injury to patients or caregivers
- NFPA 99 Category 3 – Facility systems in which failure of such equipment is not likely to cause injury to patients or caregivers but can cause patient discomfort
- NFPA 99 Category 4 – Facility systems in which failure of such equipment would have no impact on patient care
NFPA 99风险评估方法
Health care facilities should define their risk assessment methodology to ensure coordination is happening in the planning/early design phases. 如CMS最终规则所述, submitting a formal risk assessment of a healthcare facility is not required, but CMS will confirm that facilities are using risk assessment methodologies. The Final Rule further clarifies that they do not require the use of any particular risk assessment procedure.
NFPA 99 A节.4.2 proposes risk assessments to follow procedures such as those outlined in the following: ISO/IEC 31010, 风险管理-风险评估技术; NFPA 551, 火灾风险评估指南; 和SEMI S10-0307E， Safety Guidelines for Risk Assessment and Risk Evaluation Process. In addition to these references, the American Society for 卫生保健 Engineering (ASHE) offers a 风险评估工具.
Early coordination is necessary to ensure that building systems and components are designed to appropriately meet the health care facility’s needs. This includes the establishment of a multidisciplinary team with knowledge of the facility’s space use, 病人护理服务, clinical practices and other areas to ensure the design appropriately considers the risk category that will be applicable for the life of the building system. 例如, if a health care facility builds a new outpatient medical building, the 病人护理服务 could be limited based on the designer’s determination of the risk category per NFPA 99.
让皇家88娱乐帮助您进行医疗机构风险评估
Our team at Jensen Hughes helps health care facilities with risk management and includes members on the NFPA 99 committee. 了解更多关于皇家88账户注册如何支持您的项目或 具备应急准备的医疗机构 实施风险评估.
